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要提高摄影水平就要多看大师作品多听大师意见。但是光看中国的不行,一定要放眼世界,瞄准全球顶尖水平。摄影专业英文的重要性就不言而喻了。我花了半个周末的时间翻译了这篇我认为很好的文章, 英文原文也一并附上,希望对摄影初学者和学英文的同学都有所帮助。也期待大家的批评指正。此文的翻译初稿是2003年初完成的,这里我要感谢园园小姐那时候的热心帮助,做为英文专业人士她耐心帮我改正了不少我译文中的一些欠妥之处。翻译是再创作,此话真的不假。太费时间了。SO
谢谢我自己,和园园。
本文作者的照片:

Lens Sharpness - The Never-Ending
Quest
But How Sharp Is it Really!? One of the most common questions that I'm asked is,
Is the ...
lens sharper than
the
...
lens?
A variation on this theme is...
What do you think of the ...
lens? Is it sharp?
Or there's the more generic...
Is a
zoom lens as sharp as a prime lens?
镜头锐度(解像力) - 一个永恒的追求
一个镜头的解像力到底能有多高?最常见的一个问题通常是:镜头A比镜头B锐度高吗?类似的问题:您觉得这
支镜头怎样?锐度高吗?或者更普遍点的问题诸如:变焦镜头的解像力和定焦镜头的同样好吗?
That's enough! I'm about to answer your questions, (as well as a few that you didn't ask), and from
here on, until the end
of time, you need ask them no more.
And, if anyone asks you these questions,
you'll now know where to refer them. Right here.
够了!现在我就来回答你的这些问题(还包括其他你也许没问到的),从此直到地球的末日,你就再也不会问此
类问题了。如果再有人问你,你知道该让他们上哪儿找答案 - 这里。
What's All This About Sharpness Anyhow?
到底为什么会有这么多摄影者关心镜头的锐度?
There are photographers who love to test and compare things. When they make prints or examine
their
slides under a loupe,
they are not looking to see if they have properly
captured a special location, light or subject. They are first
and foremost concerned with technical quality rather than image quality.
因为摄影者总是喜欢测试和比较。当他们把照片冲洗出来或用高倍放大镜仔细看他们的幻灯片时,通常他们不是去
看自己是否拍得正确,他们最关心的总是设备的技术指标而不是照片本身。
Consequently they fret and fuss. They choose primes over zooms. They buy the
most expensive brands
of bodies
and lenses. But then when they have them, what do they do? Do they settle down to
pursue
their photography?
No, they fuss and fret some more, worrying that if only they had a sharper lens
their photography would somehow
improve. Sound familiar?
自然的, 他们大惊小怪,然后焦躁不安。他们扔掉变焦镜去买定焦。他们去买最昂贵的机身和镜头。但是,
买来之后,他们又是怎么做的呢?专心致志的去追求摄影艺术吗?没有,他们更加大惊小怪,更加焦躁不安,
觉得要是有一个解像力更好的镜头,他们的照片肯定会更好。嗯,听起来耳熟?
There isn't a photographer alive who doesn't care about how sharp his or her lenses are. It's one
of the primary manias
of anyone playing this game. We buy and sell different brands of cameras in
search of the holy grail of sharpness.
地球上没有不关心镜头解像力的摄影师。这也是任何摄影装备焦躁狂的典型症状。我们不停的买进卖出不同品牌
的相机和镜头,为了有一天能到达锐度的天堂。
Should I trade in my Nikon gear for Canon? Should I trade in my Canon outfit for Nikon glass?
damn,
maybe I should buy
a Leica system.
I hear Leica lenses are fantastic.
But, how about Contax?
Those
Zeiss lenses
have great reputations. But boy, are those lenses ever expensive. Are they worth it?
我要不要把尼康相机卖了换佳能?我要不要把佳能镜头卖了换尼康?NND,也许我应该买一个莱卡,我听说莱卡镜头
绝对的好;但是,也许康太时(CONTAX)更好?它们用的蔡司镜头可是名声在外啊。不过,这些镜头都那么贵。它们
真的值那个价钱???
I know you've never had these thoughts, but you have heard from lots of
other photographers who have.
Go to any
of the on-line discussion boards. You will find that talk about lens sharpness
represents probably half the discussions
— most of it filled with unsubstantiated opinions and
mistruths.
我知道也许你并没想到这些问题,但你肯定听别人谈论过。去网上那些摄影论坛看看,一半以上的篇幅都在讨论类
似的问题,许多帖子都缺乏真凭实据,还有些根本就是在误导。
After 40 years as a professional photographer as well as an ardent amateur, as a teacher and as a
journalist, I've learned
certain things about photography and photographic equipment, and specific
to this topic — about lens sharpness, its
importance as well as, frequently,
its lack of importance.
做为一个狂热的摄影爱好者以及职业摄影师四十余年,同时也是摄影记者和讲师,本人熟悉摄影的方方面面。摄影
器材(特别是本文所要讨论的话题-镜头锐度),当然是重要的- 不过,更多的时候,并不是那么重要。
Here then is what I know about the subject, shorn of as much baffle
gab and BS as I know how to make it.
Some Cosmic Truths
I'm now going to let you in on the great truths. The ones that all true cognoscenti know, but that are
hidden from
newcomers and the otherwise uninitiated. If you're
really observant you may notice that
this piece has some scattered evidence of the
use of irony, (some would call it sarcasm.) Ignore the man behind the curtain.
I stand behind every
statement.
一些宇宙级事实
现在我将告诉你一些事实。所有真正的可知论者都应该知道的事实,但是它们通常不被摄影新人所了解,或者从来没
人系统的论述过。如果你仔细看你会发现这篇文章有不少讥讽之辞(也许该叫挖苦?)请忽略那个幕后的人,这里的
每个字都是我写的。
Finally, note before you enter the inner sanctum that I have occasionally
used the word "Usually".
That's because to
be
a universal truth, there
must be an exception that makes it so. Otherwise, what would we have to argue about?
最后,在你进入这个镜头锐度的最后圣殿前,请注意我在文中常用“一般来说”这个词,因为必须要把几个例外排除
后绝对真理才会成立,要不然我们又怎么会争来吵去呢?
Prime Lenses are Sharper than Zooms Lenses (Usually)
The title says it all. There is no free lunch! If you want the utmost in sharpness, don't buy a zoom
lens. But, if you want
greater shooting
versatility by all means do buy a zoom. You'd be a fool not to.
定焦镜头的锐度比变焦镜头高(一般来说)
顾名思义。天下没有免费的午餐!如果你追求绝对锐度,那就别买变焦镜头。不过,如果你需要摄影灵活性,请一定
买变焦镜头。不这样做那你就是傻瓜。
Why are primes sharper? A number of reasons. Zooms lenses by necessity
have more elements than primes.
This
makes
them more difficult to design, increases the risk of various forms of optical aberration,
and can reduce
contrast and increase
flare.
为什么定焦镜头锐度更高?好几个原因。因为要变焦,所以变焦镜头的镜片数目比定焦的多。这样以来变焦头就更难设
计,更容易发生光学色差,镜片数目多也会减低对比度并增加光斑(特别是逆光时的反光- 译者注)。
Prime lenses usually have larger apertures than zooms, and the laws of
optics say that all other things
being
equal
(which they often aren't)
a wider aperture lens will be sharper than one with a smaller
aperture — the issue being
diffraction effects.
定焦镜头通常比变焦的光圈大。光学定律(衍射定律)告诉我们-在同样情况下,大光圈镜头比小光圈的锐度高。
Having made the case for prime lenses, let me say that three of the sharpest lenses I own, the
Canon 70~200 f/2.8L IS
zoom, Leica's M series 28-35-50mm Tri-Elmar, and the
Pentax 67's 55~100mm f/4.5 zoom, are as good
as any primes
in their formats that I've ever used.
As I said — "usually" sometimes defines the rule.
OK,这是定焦镜的一般规律,让我来说说我的三支锐度最高的镜头,它们是:佳能的70-200F2.8L
IS变焦镜;
莱卡M系列的三段式变焦镜头 Tri-Elmar 28-35-50mm;宾得67的55-100mm
F4.5 变焦镜。
这三支变焦镜比我用过的任何定焦镜都不差。这就是我前面为什么老是用“一般来说”这个词。
Camera Manufacturer's Lenses are Sharper than Third Party Lenses
(Usually)
Camera manufacturers want you to buy their lenses. They don't want
you to buy a lens from a third
party. If you do they
don't make as much money, and making money is why they're in
business.
Therefore they have to make some
of their
lenses as inexpensive as possible.
But, professionals
and other
serious photographers
want the finest lenses possible,
which are expensive to make.
What to do?
原厂镜头比副厂镜头锐度高(一般来说)
相机生产商希望你购买他们的镜头,如果你购买其他品牌的镜头,他们就无法通过卖镜头来赚你的钱。赚钱是他
们的唯一目的,因此,他们不得不生产一些尽量廉价的镜头。但是,职业摄影师和严肃的业余摄影爱好者需要的
是光学素质最好的镜头,其制造成本非常高昂。怎么办?
Most
major brands therefore make two lens lines, sometimes so
indicated (like Canon's "L" series
glass), and sometimes just differentiated by
price. This allows them to cater to both markets.
大多数相机制造商因此都有两个不同的镜头系列,有的在其镜头上注明镜头(象佳能的“L”系列专业镜头,)是
哪个系列的,有的生产商干脆什么也不说,通过镜头的价格来区分。这样他们就能兼顾不同的市场需求。
Third party lens makers usually aren't interested in selling camera bodies. They
want to sell you
lenses. And since most amateur photographers make
their buying decision based pretty much on
price alone, it isn't hard for these
companies to figure out what
to do to get this business.
而镜头制造商通常对销售机身不感兴趣。他们要卖的是镜头。大多数摄影爱好者买镜头时主要看的是价钱。为争
夺市场,这些镜头制造商当然知道该怎么做。
If you want the finest lens of a given type, buy the manufacturer's top-line
lens. If your priority
is to save money,
then buy the third party lens. No
matter how hard you try and imagine it to be so, that $200 lens (including a
free skylight filter)
from Sigma, Tamron or their brethren just isn't
going to be as sharp, free from flare and optical
aberrations, well designed and
sturdily constructed as a $900 optic from Canon, Nikon or one of the
other majors.
如果你要的是最好的镜头,买原厂专业头就是了。如果想省钱,那就买副厂镜头。不管你怎样尽心去拍摄或祈祷,
一支200美元的副厂头(通常附送免费天光镜),如适马(SIGMA)腾龙(TAMRON)牌镜头或其他的什么牌,在锐
度、逆光表现、色差、设计以及制造工艺等方面绝对比不上一支售价900美元的原厂镜头(如佳能,尼康等)。
Are there exceptions to this. Yes, maybe, sometimes. Some types of lenses are easier to design than
others, so low-cost
third-party lenses can be |